The words Windows and Difference lead us to the concept of to comparing files and highlighting and disparity.
The
benefit of Windiff comes from scenarios where you want to compare files, folders
or registry settings.
To get a copy of Microsoft's Windiff, either extract it from your Windows Server Support folder, or else download a free copy at the bottom of this page.
The Windiff, which you get from a Microsoft Server support CD works perfectly in
Windows 7.
While Windiff is straightforward to get working, nevertheless, it leaves me with
a lingering feeling that I have never quite reach the bottom of its capabilities. For example, I rarely use Windiff for copying files. Windiff
has two main modes: Compare files Compare directories
Let us start with Windiff's principal job, namely comparing files.
When you launch Windiff, take careful note of a pair of almost identical menus. Go slowly. Be
alert for Windows 7 Windiff to ask you for the names of the two files in quick succession. I emphasise this because when I was a greenhorn, I thought either
I was going mad, or Windiff had a bug. My salvation was reading the screen, Select
First File, then Select Second File - it
really is that easy to get started.
Once you have loaded the two files into Windows 7's Windiff GUI, I expect you want Windiff to identify the differences. The trick is to click on 1 .\filename and then click on Expand.
(See screenshot opposite.)
As ever, Microsoft provide two ways of doing everything, so you could click on the Expand Menu and then select, 'Both files'.
Once called to action, Windiff homes in on every minute difference between the two files
as you would want. Moreover, for easy reading, it highlights each difference with a different color. The color coding extends into the margin so you can see which file
corresponds to the yellow highlight and which to the red highlight.
If the content is the same in both files it only has one entry, which you see in normal black text. Where there are differences, not only do you have the exceptions highlighted, but it gives you the line number.
The screen shot is taken from a regedit export. As I mentioned earlier, one of my classic uses of Windiff is
researching where in the registry Microsoft store particular settings.
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After doing its best to match the files line-by-line, Windiff looks at the remaining parts. Where there are sections which are different, but which correspond, in the sense that the part before and the part after match, Windiff has a choice between displaying the lines as blocks or as interleaved.
Windiff uses a heuristic intelligence to decide whether the lines from the two files are similar. If it judges that they are similar it displays them interleaved, otherwise it displays them as blocks.
A secondary job for Windiff is to compare whole folders or directories. Just click on the File menu and select 'Select Directories'. This time you see both directories one under the other so there is
no chance of confusion.
Press F8 to see the next change / difference.
Windows 7 Windiff Options
Although there is nothing really exciting in the Options menu, they are worth checking. For example, if you remove the tick next to: 'Show Identical Lines, it will help you track a single change in large
files. In addition to the options, check out the Expand menu and decide
whether you need to add or remove any of those options.
Windiff's Mark Menu
It is easy to overlook the Mark menu. The job of this menu is to hide or exclude files in your search.
Windiff Command Line Options
My old friend 'Barking' Eddie insisted that I added this command line section. As I may have mentioned in previous Eddie is an ex-UNIX man and is a founder of 'Dos Diehards'.
Windiff Command Line Options:
-D Compare one directory only. -F[flags] savefile Save composite file to 'savefile'. The 'flags' may consist of one or more of I (identical), L (left), R (right),
F (moved leFt), G (moved riGht), S (Similar left), A (similiAr right), X (exit after saving list). (e.g. -FLF saves list of Left or moved-leFt lines). -I file Reads list of files to compare, from the
specified input file. Each line can contain one or two filenames, space delimited (with quoting, if filenames contain spaces). Use "-" as the filename to read from stdin. If a line contains only one filename,
the file is compared to itself. -N name NET SEND notification to 'name' at end of comparison. -O Outline view (no automatic expansion). -P Perverse comparison: breaks lines on punctuation. -S[flags]
savefile Save list of files to 'savefile'. The 'flags' may consist of one or more of S (same), L (left), R (right), D (different), X (exit after saving list). (e.g. -SLD saves list of Left or Different
files). -T Compare whole subtree.
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Not many people realize the benefits of comparing
registry settings with Microsoft's Windiff. However, like the all the best ideas, once you understand the
idea the concept becomes blindingly obvious.
Let us take scenario where we want to find a particular value in the registry, for example, a setting on the Winlogon message box that we wish to control. Here is the outline of our plan:
Before making any changes, export the registry with Regedit.
Make the change, for example, remove a tick from a checkbox.
Export the registry again once you have made the change.
Microsoft's Windiff is a handy utility for comparing files and highlighting differences. My 'killer' use for Windiff is discovering where menu settings correspond to registry values. Another job for Windiff is
checking directories and reporting and differences in the file lists.
Guy Recommends: SolarWinds SAM
(Server & Application Monitor)
SAM is an interesting utility for inspecting services and processes on servers such as SQL or
Exchange. Take stock of your resources, or set a baseline.
Press F8 to see the next change / difference.
