Guy's Scripting Ezine 98 - W32tm
Contents for Ezine 98 - W32tm
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One of my personal challenges is to try and practice what I preach - keep it simple, one step at a time. Last week I introduced 'net time' to synchronize a Domain Controller
(DC) with a time server.
In fact, we could have used W32tm
instead. However, I wanted to start with a simple well-known command and only advance to the more flexible W32tm command, once I had reviewed the time synchronization concept.
This Week's Mission is to not only to configure the computers internet time server, but also to force our server to synchronize with that time server.
Before we get underway, I want to emphasise that in a domain, keeping accurate time is solely the responsibility of Windows Server 2003. XP workstations who are members of a domain need not worry, because they
automatically synchronize with their DC. To be precise, XP computers synchronize with the Domain Controller holding the FSMO role called PDC emulator. I dare you to alter the time on an XP workstation by
10 minutes, then return 30 minutes later and see if my theory is correct. (This only works if the XP machine is in a domain.) The W32tm command, which I feature this week, operates by passing command line instructions to the
Windows Time service. Think of W32tm as a superior version of the net time command we used last week. Both XP
and Windows 200x server have the Windows Time service. I challenge you to scroll through the Services so that you can find the Time service, now you can see how to restart the Time service if your script fails.
In my overall scheme, this is week 2 of 10 in my introduction to VBScript course. As far as learning VBScript is concerned, W32tm and net time are only vehicles
for us to experiment with VBScript. This week I am going to highlight the script's Header section and DIM statement. Both the header section and the DIM statements fall into the category of, invest time now,
which will repay handsomely when you troubleshoot a script. Before I go into detail, I want to repeat a recurring theme, VBScript provides numerous ways of
writing lines of code, which achieve the
same result. The significance of the last statement in this context is that both the header and DIM vary from author to author. In my view the header region is where we should record the purpose of our script.
I add a date and version number to keep track of my script; the first version always needs corrections and later versions are often improved as the result of user
feedback. Incidentally, I like to add more comments before each major section of the script. DIM or Dimension statements are optional. However, if you add the precise command:
Option Explicit, then declaring variables becomes compulsory. The reason I always add Option Explicit after the header is that it prevents me misspelling variables later in the script. For example,
if I start with intSleepLong = 3500 then call for a variable called intLongSleep later in the script, the result will not be what I expected. What will happen is that VBScript (via Option Explicit) will tell me that I did
not declare intLongSleep, and this could save me half an hour of scratching my head while thinking, 'why isn't the delay working in this script?'
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The primary purpose of this example is to synchronize or resynchronize with a time server. Just in case no time server has been set, or you wish to swap time servers, the script includes a W32 time command to set the Time
Server. This is the equivalent of the net time /setsntp we used in last week's script. Known problem
Sometimes the Windows Time service mysteriously stops, or appears started, yet is not working properly. Symptoms, when you run my script you get error 800706B5 or a similar code number. Fortunately, the
solution is easy, navigate to the Administrative Tools, services and re-start the Windows Time Service. I can hear you thinking,
'why doesn't Guy put a restart command in the script?' I could add the code, but remember my resolution to keep it simple? Restarting services will feature in future ezine, then you can bolt both
together to solve the problem.
Instructions for synchronizing the Time Server This script is designed for servers, but there is no reason why it should not work on an XP machine. If you use my time server (uk.pool.ntp.org or time-a.nist.gov),
make sure that your machine has an internet connection. Copy and paste the example script below
into notepad or use a VBScript editor. One advantage of a good script editor such as OnScript is that you can see the line numbers, which helps when you have to troubleshoot error messages. Save the file with a .vbs extension, for example:
W32tm.vbs Double click W32tm.vbs, observe the cmd session and check the message box.
'====================================
' VBScript Source File -- Created with XLnow OnScript
' W32tm.vbs
' AUTHOR: Guy Thomas
' COMPANY: Computer Performance
' DATE: January
2006 Version 1.4
' COMMENT: Script to set the time server, then sync
' Known problem. Windows Time Service stopped or 'Jammed'. Restart it.
'===================================
Option Explicit
Dim objShell
Dim intShortSleep, intLongSleep
Dim strTimeSrv
Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
' Time Server set (Remove ' Rem if you want to change)
'strTimeSrv
= "time-a.nist.gov"
strTimeSrv = "uk.pool.ntp.org"
intShortSleep = 500
intLongSleep = 4000 '1000 = 1 second
' Cmd prompt opened with .Run method
objShell.Run "cmd"
Wscript.Sleep
intShortSleep
objShell.SendKeys "{Enter}"
' set the time server. Equivalent of net time /setsntp
Wscript.Sleep intShortSleep
objShell.SendKeys "w32tm /config /syncfromflags:manual
/manualpeerlist:"_
& strTimeSrv
objShell.SendKeys "{Enter}"
Wscript.Sleep intShortSleep
' Point where the script synchronizes
objShell.SendKeys "w32Tm /resync /rediscover"
objShell.SendKeys "{Enter}"
Wscript.Sleep intLongSleep
' Cmd prompt exited
objShell.SendKeys "Exit"
Wscript.Sleep intShortSleep
objShell.SendKeys "{Enter}"
Wscript.Echo " Time
Server synchronized with: " & strTimeSrv
WScript.Quit
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VBScript Tutorial - Learning PointsNote 1: The header section, between the == explains the script's, purpose and records the date and version. This section is always optional, but
recommended as it helps 6 months later when you need to amend the script. Note 2: Option Explicit forces me to declare all my variables. This is why I have Dim statements at the top of my scripts, to dimension variables such as
strTimeSrv. Note 3: On line 14 this script creates the shell object called objShell. Later we employ objShell and the .SendKeys method to transmit keystrokes to the command prompt. Note 4: W32tm is the
command line equivalent of the Windows Time service that you see in the Services. Observe how the script sets the external time source with, config /syncfromflags:manual /manualpeerlist. Note 5: This week's
new feature is the w32Tm /resync /rediscover command, which was not available with 'Net time' in Ezine 97.
Challenges
- Deliberately alter your computer's clock by about 10 minutes and then run the script. Observe VBscript correct the time.
- Deliberately stop the Windows Time service and prove that error 800706B5 is not a figment of my imagination.
- At the cmd prompt, try w32tm /? Perhaps this will give you ideas for other experiments with this script.
Summary of W32tm VBScript.W32tm is a more versatile command than 'net time'. In particular you can now resync a computer with its time server. From a VBScript point of view, get into
the habit of adding or amending your script's header. Another best practice is to start your script proper with Option Explicit followed by the Dim statements.
See more about VBScript
• VBScripts • Ezines • WMI • Logon Scripts
• Tool Kit
•
Ezine 26 SendKeys • Ezine 34 Scriptomatic • Ezine 47 .put •
Ezine 51 Sleep •
Ezine 52 OS
• Ezine 77 Scriptomatic •
Ezine 84 AcctInfo • Ezine 88 Progress bar • Ezine 89 SendKeys
• Ezine 97 Net Time • Ezine 98 W32 Time • Ezine
99 Time services • Ezine 120 Sendkeys
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